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Case studies

Selected engagements across storage, wind, and compliance

A closer look at the work behind our track record — engineering and compliance engagements for utilities, generation owners, and OEMs.

Developers

Offshore wind interconnection strategy with NPCC, ISO-NE & Eversource

Client type
Offshore wind developer
Stakeholders
NPCC, ISO-NE, Eversource
Scope
Interconnection strategy

Challenge

Offshore wind interconnection involves more coordinating parties than a typical onshore project — a regional reliability entity, an ISO, and a local utility all have a say in how and where the project connects.

Approach

We supported the interconnection strategy in direct coordination with NPCC, ISO-NE, and Eversource, working across their respective requirements rather than treating each as a separate, sequential hurdle.

Outcome

A coordinated interconnection strategy that reflected the requirements of all three stakeholders from the outset.

Storage & Microgrids

Technical leadership across multi-state storage and microgrid programs

Regions
California, Hawaii, Texas
Scope
Storage & microgrid programs and pilots

Challenge

Energy storage and microgrid programs in California, Hawaii, and Texas each carry distinct grid conditions, utility requirements, and program structures — a single playbook doesn't transfer cleanly between them.

Approach

We provided technical leadership across these programs and pilots individually, adapting the underlying engineering approach to each state's specific requirements and grid characteristics.

Outcome

Technical continuity across a multi-state storage and microgrid portfolio, despite each program's distinct regulatory and technical context.

OEM

Generator set validation against the German grid code

Client type
Equipment OEM
Standard
German grid code (LVRT / HVRT)
Scope
AVR / governor response modeling

Challenge

An OEM needed to demonstrate that a generator set's automatic voltage regulator and governor response met the German grid code's low- and high-voltage ride-through (LVRT/HVRT) requirements.

Approach

We modeled the AVR/governor response and validated it directly against LVRT and HVRT field test data, certifying the equipment's compliance with the applicable grid code.

Outcome

Certified compliance the OEM could present to customers and regulators, backed by field-test-validated modeling.

Utilities

Interconnection studies and training for utility-scale wind and solar

Tools
PSCAD, PSS/E, TSAT
Scope
Interconnection studies & staff training

Challenge

Utility-scale wind and solar integration programs needed both the interconnection studies themselves and the in-house capability to keep running similar studies going forward.

Approach

We directed PSCAD, PSS/E, and TSAT-based interconnection studies for the integration program, and delivered training alongside the study work so client staff could build on it directly.

Outcome

Completed interconnection studies plus a client team better equipped to run similar studies independently.

Hardware-in-the-Loop

RTDS hardware-in-the-loop testing for step-change and FFR compliance

Test bed
RTDS, power plant controllers, SEL RTACs
Scope
Step-change & FFR compliance testing

Challenge

Demonstrating step-change and fast frequency response (FFR) compliance requires testing real controllers and relays against realistic grid conditions — not just a paper simulation.

Approach

We built and ran a hardware-in-the-loop test bed on RTDS, incorporating actual power plant controllers, meters, load tap changers, and SEL RTACs, and used it to run the step-change and FFR compliance tests directly against the hardware.

Outcome

Compliance testing validated against real hardware response, not just simulated behavior.

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